A Pena Estatal contra a Democracia: Reflexões a partir da Filosofia Política / State Punishment against Democracy: Thoughts on Political Philosophy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17808/des.50.668Keywords:
Desenvolvimento, Pena, Democracia, Participação popular, Políticas criminais, Práticas restaurativas / Development, Punishment, Democracy, Popular participation, Criminal policies, Restorative practicesAbstract
Resumo
Parte-se da noção de desenvolvimento de Sen para avaliar, no âmbito da filosofia política, a compatibilidade da pena estatal com o objetivo de expansão de liberdades. Ressalta-se o caráter político da pena e a inevitabilidade do debate normativo para sua compreensão. Na sequência, investiga-se a moldura liberal da compreensão da pena estatal e sugere-se a necessidade de um horizonte coletivo e republicano para as práticas de censura, como rota de fuga das contradições inerentes ao liberalismo penal. Aponta-se para o debate acerca da participação popular na formulação de políticas voltadas para a questão criminal e para sua proximidade com o debate acerca do próprio significado de democracia. Ao final, as práticas restaurativas são sugeridas como possibilidade de apreensão coletiva dos problemas discutidos, desde que bem ressaltadas as noções de responsabilidade e participação política dos sujeitos envolvidos.
Abstract
From Sen's notion of development we discuss the compatibility, in the context of political philosophy, of state punishment with the goal of expanding freedom. We emphasize the political nature of punishment and the unavoidability of a normative discussion to access it. Next, we investigate state punishment's liberal framework. The need of a republican approach for understanding the practices of censorship is suggested as an escape route from the inherent contradictions of penal liberalism. We point at the debate on popular participation on criminal policies and at its closeness to the debate on the very meaning of democracy. Restorative practices are suggested as a possibility of a collective seizure of the key matters discussed, as long as well emphasized the notions of responsibility and political participation of the subjects involved.
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