Pragmatismo e Direitos Humanos: reflexões a partir do pragmatismo filosófico de John Dewey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17808/des.0.1620Keywords:
Dewey, Direitos Humanos, Democracia, ExperiênciaAbstract
Resumo: A democracia é um conceito que carece de um tratamento mais sistemático na filosofia de John Dewey, embora reapareça em diversos momentos críticos da reflexão política proposta pelo autor. Ao invés de estar restrita a uma forma de governar, a democracia é pensada como experiência, uma forma de vida em particular caracterizada pela abertura, tolerância e senso de investigação. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar uma conexão entre democracia e direitos humanos em meio às premissas teóricas das quais parte Dewey em sua formulação do pragmatismo. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo se desenvolve por meio de uma revisão de literatura que justapõe o conceito de democracia de Dewey com uma abordagem crítica dos direitos humanos. Concluímos que a perspectiva do autor acerca da democracia pode ser importante para uma concepção de direitos humanos que não se faz devedora de um universalismo abstrato, mas nem por isso seria integralmente relativista.
Palavras-chave: Dewey, direitos humanos, democracia, experiência
Abstract: Democracy is a concept that lacks a more systematic treatment in John Dewey´s philosophy, even though it´s of fundamental relevance, being very much present in key moments of the author´s political reflection. Instead of being restricted to a mode of government, democracy is conceived in terms of experience, a specific form of life characterized as being open, tolerant and possessing a sense of inquiry. The aim of this article is to explore a connection between democracy and human amongst Dewey's theoretical premises from which he formulates pragmatism. Methodologically, the article is developed using literature review in order to juxtapose Dewey´s concept of democracy with a critical approach of human rights. It is concluded that the author´s perspective on democracy can be relevant to develop a conception of human rights which is neither abstractly universalist, nor completely contingent.
Keywords: Dewey, human rights, democracy, experience
References
ANTONIO, Robert J.; KELLNER, Douglas. Communication, Modernity, and Democracy in Habermas and Dewey. Symbolic Interaction, New Jersey, v. 15, n. 3, pp. 277-297, 1992.
BALIBAR, Étienne. On the Politics of Human Rights. Constellations, New Jersey, v. 20, n. 1, pp. 18-25, 2013.
BALIBAR, Etienne. Outlines of a Topography of Cruelty: Citizenship and Civility in the Era of Global Violence. Constellations, New Jersey, v. 8, n. 1, pp. 15-29, 2001.
BENHABIB, Seyla. Reason-Giving and Rights-Bearing: Constructing the Subject of Rights. Constellations, New Jersey, v. 20, n. 1, pp. 38-50, 2013.
BERNSTEIN, Richard J. Creative Democracy - The Task Still Before Us. American Journal of Theology & Philosophy, Champaign, v. 21, n. 3, pp. 215-228, 2000.
DEWEY, John. Creative Democracy - The Task Before Us. In: BOYDSTON, Jo Ann (Org.). The Later Works of John Dewey: Volume 14, 1925 - 1953: 1939 - 1941, Essays, Reviews, and Miscellany. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2008a. pp. 224-230.
DEWEY, John. Democracy and Education. New York: The Free Press, 1966.
DEWEY, John. Democracy and Educational Administration. In: BOYDSTON, Jo Ann (org.). The Later Works of John Dewey: Volume 11, 1925 - 1953: Essays, Reviews, Trotsky Inquiry, Miscellany, and Liberalism and Social Action. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2008b. pp. 217-225.
DEWEY, John. Democracy is Radical. In: BOYDSTON, Jo Ann (org.). The Later Works of John Dewey: Volume 11, 1925 - 1953: Essays, Reviews, Trotsky Inquiry, Miscellany, and Liberalism and Social Action. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2008c. pp. 296-300.
DEWEY, John. Education, Democracy, and Socialized Economy. In: BOYDSTON, Jo Ann (org.). The Later Works of John Dewey: Volume 13, 1925 - 1953: 1938-1939, Experience and Education, Freedom and Culture, Theory of Valuation, and Essays. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2008d. pp. 304-308.
DEWEY, John. The Basic Values and Loyalties of Democracy. In: BOYDSTON, Jo Ann (org.). The Later Works of John Dewey: Volume 14, 1925 - 1953: 1939 - 1941, Essays, Reviews, and Miscellany. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2008e. pp. 275-277.
DEWEY, John. The Public and Its Problems: An Essay in Political Inquiry. Chicago: Gateway Books, 1946.
DORZWEILER, Nick. Democracy´s Disappointments: Insights from Dewey and Foucault on World War I and the Iranian Revolution. Constellations, New Jersey, v. 24, n. 1, pp. 1-11, 2017.
FREGA, Roberto. Expressive Inquiry and Practical Reasoning. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, State College, v. 23, n. 4, pp. 307-327, 2010.
GATES, Henry Louis, Jr. Stony the Road: Reconstruction, white supremacy, and the rise of Jim Crow. New York: Penguin Press, 2019.
HEDEEN, Timothy. Dialogue and Democracy, Community and Capacity: Lessons for Conflict Resolution Education from Montessori, Dewey, and Freire. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, New Jersey, v. 23, n. 2, pp. 185-202, 2005.
HILDEBRAND, David L. The Paramount Importance of Experience and Situations in Dewey´s Democracy and Education. Educational Theory, New Jersey, v. 66, n. 1-2, pp. 73-88, 2016.
HOOVER, Joe. Towards a Politics for Human Rights: Ambiguous Humanity and Democratizing Rights. Philosophy and Social Criticism, Thousand Oaks, v. 39, n. 9, pp. 935-961, 2013.
INGRAM, David. Reconciling Positivism and Realism: Kelsen and Habermas on Democracy and Human Rights. Philosophy and Social Criticism, Thousand Oaks, v. 40, n. 3, pp. 237-267, 2014.
JOSEPH, Peniel E. The Sword and the Shield: The Revolutionary Lives of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. New York: Basic Books, 2020.
KIM, Sungmoon. John Dewey and Confucian Democracy: Towards Common Citizenship. Constellations, New Jersey, v. 22, n. 1, pp. 31-43, 2015.
KLARMAN, Michael J. From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
LAFONT, Cristina. Neoliberal Globalization and the International Protection of Human Rights. Constellations, New Jersey, v. 25, n.3, pp. 1-14, 2018.
MEDINA, José. The Other Within: Agency and Resistance under conditions of exclusion. Philosophy and Social Criticism, Thousand Oaks, v. 46, n. 1, pp. 1-7, 2019.
PAPPAS, Gregory Fernando. John Dewey´s Ethics: Democracy as Experience. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2008.
POGREBINSCHI, Thamy. A democracia do homem comum: resgatando a teoria política de John Dewey. Revista de Sociologia e Política, Curitiba, n. 23, pp. 43-53, 2004.
SABEL, Charles. Dewey, Democracy, and Democratic Experimentalism. Contemporary Pragmatism, Leiden, v. 9, n. 2, pp. 35-55, 2012.
SCHUTZ, Aaron. Social Class, Social Action and Education: The Failure of Progressive Democracy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis de. Democracy in America. New York: Library of America, 2004.
WILLIAMS, Juan; BOND, Julian. Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954-1965. New York: Penguin Books, 2013.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The submission of articles for publication in the Law, State, and Society Journal(Revista Direito, Estado e Sociedade) implies the agreement of the authors with the following terms:
1. The author(s) authorize the publication of the text in an issue of the journal;
2. The author(s) assure that the submitted text is original and unpublished and that it is not under evaluation process in other journals;
3. The author(s) assume full responsibility for the opinions, ideas, and concepts sustained in the texts;
4. The author(s) grant the editors the right to make textual adjustments and adjustments to the journal's publication standards;
5. Total or partial reproduction of the articles is allowed, as long as the source is explicitly cited.
